{"id":6084,"date":"2025-02-09T22:06:37","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T14:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xindianchem.com\/6084.html"},"modified":"2025-02-09T22:06:37","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T14:06:37","slug":"%e8%81%9a%e6%b0%a8%e9%85%af%e5%bb%b6%e8%bf%9f%e5%82%ac%e5%8c%96%e5%89%828154%e6%bb%a1%e8%b6%b3%e4%b8%a5%e6%a0%bc%e7%8e%af%e4%bf%9d%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b0%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xindianchem.com\/6084.html","title":{"rendered":"\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u50ac\u5316\u52428154\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u73af\u4fdd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd8154\u578b\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u65b0\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u914d\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5176\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u75288154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n
8154\u578b\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u6ce1\u6cab\u7684\u5236\u5907\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5f02\u6c30\u916f\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u9187\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u53d1\u6ce1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7acb\u5373\u53cd\u5e94\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u6291\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5f85\u8fbe\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ce1\u6cab\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u662f\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u950c\u3001\u94cb\u6216\u9521\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u914d\u4ee5\u6709\u673a\u914d\u4f53\u5982\u7fa7\u76d0\u3001\u9170\u80fa\u6216\u809f\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u5f02\u6c30\u916f\u57fa\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u6216pH\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u914d\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cZn(II)\u548cBi(III)\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u4e0e\u5f02\u6c30\u916f\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u70ed\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f978154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5219\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e38154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6587\u732e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u5e38\u6570\uff08k\uff09\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08T\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6307\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b26\u5408Arrhenius\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
[ k = A cdot e^{-frac{E_a}{RT}} ]<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cA\u4e3a\u9891\u7387\u56e0\u5b50\uff0cEa\u4e3a\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff0cR\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u5e38\u6570\uff0cT\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u5728100-150 kJ\/mol\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff08\u7ea650-80 kJ\/mol\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7ea7\u6570\u4e5f\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a0.5-1.0\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5176\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08VOCs\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u65e0\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c34\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u542b\u91cf\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b27\u6d32\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08ECHA\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c8154\u578b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u7c7b\u73af\u4fdd\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c8154\u578b\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u53d1\u6ce1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u75288154\u578b\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\n | \u6570\u503c\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\u5916\u89c2<\/td>\n | \u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u900f\u660e\u6db2\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u5bc6\u5ea6 (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/td>\n | 1.05 \u00b1 0.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u9ecf\u5ea6 (mPa\u00b7s, 25\u00b0C)<\/td>\n | 300-500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pH\u503c<\/td>\n | 7.0-8.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u95ea\u70b9 (\u00b0C)<\/td>\n | >90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027<\/td>\n | \u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u591a\u5143\u9187\u3001\u3001\u7532\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u8d2e\u5b58\u6e29\u5ea6<\/td>\n | -10\u00b0C\u81f340\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
\u4fdd\u8d28\u671f<\/td>\n | 12\u4e2a\u6708\uff08\u5bc6\u5c01\u4fdd\u5b58\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n
|